Please note: This information was as current as we could make it on the date given above. But medical information is always changing, and some information given here may be out of date. For regularly updated information on a variety of health topics, please visit familydoctor.org, the AAFP patient education Web site.
An article on this topic is available in this issue of AFP.
What You Should Know About Osteoporosis
What is osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is weak bones.
Who gets osteoporosis?
Many more women get osteoporosis than men. Women who have low estrogen levels are especially at risk. You may have low estrogen levels:
- During menopause
- If you've had surgery to remove your female organs
- If your menstrual cycles have stopped early (before age 45)
Elderly men and men who take certain medicines can also get osteoporosis.
What are the effects of osteoporosis?
Your bones will break easily after even a minor fall.
How does my doctor know I have osteoporosis?
Sometimes osteoporisis is found on x-rays. Tests can measure your bone mineral density.
What are the risk factors for osteoporosis?
- Old age
- Menopause before age 45
- Fair skin (white or Asian)
- Female
- Sedentary lifestyle (immobile because of illness or wheelchair-bound)
- Small frame
- Alcohol abuse
- Chronic medications
- Chronic steroid use
- Smoking history
- Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid)
- Kidney disease
- A family member had osteoporosis
How is osteoporosis treated?
Treatment can keep osteoporosis from getting worse and can sometimes increase bone strength.
Getting calcium (1,500 mg daily) and vitamin D (400 IU daily) in your diet or through supplements is important. Also, your doctor may provide the following treatments:
- Estrogen replacement therapy
- Bisphosphonates
- Selective estrogen receptor modulators
- Fluoride
How is osteoporosis prevented?
It is best to prevent osteoporisis in the first place. It is harder to build bone than it is to keep from losing it.
- Get regular weight-bearing exercise (such as walking or jogging)
- Take calcium and vitamin D
- Keep a healthy estrogen level (in women)
- Eat a balanced diet
- Don't use tobacco and alcohol
- Only take steroids if your doctor prescribes them
This handout provides a general overview on this topic and may not apply to everyone. To find out if this handout applies to you and to get more information on this subject, talk to your family doctor.
Visit familydoctor.org for information on this and many other health-related topics.
Copyright © 2001 by the American Academy of Family Physicians.
Permission is granted to print and photocopy this material for nonprofit educational uses. Written permission is required for all other uses, including electronic uses.
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