ALLEN R. LAST, M.D., M.P.H., and STEPHEN A. WILSON, M.D., M.P.H.

Low-carbohydrate diets induce greater weight loss at three and six months than traditional low-fat diets. However, there is no significant difference in maintained weight loss after one year.

Patient information: "Is a Low-Carbohydrate Diet Right for Me?," p. 1951

Editorial: "Low-Carbohydrate Dieting," p. 1896

RANDY WEXLER, M.D., M.P.H., and GLEN AUKERMAN, M.D.

All patients with hypertension or prehypertension should undertake lifestyle modifications to help lower their blood pressure. These include reducing dietary sodium, increasing exercise, moderating alcohol consumption, following the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension eating plan, and losing weight, if necessary.

Patient information: "High Blood Pressure: What You Should Know," p. 1957

MAX BAYARD, M.D., JIM HOLT, M.D., and EILEEN BOROUGHS, M.D.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease refers to a spectrum of diseases of the liver ranging from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to cirrhosis. Physicians should recommend regular exercise, gradual weight loss, and appropriate treatment of risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Patient information: "Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: What You Should Know," p. 1969

DANIEL L. SONTHEIMER, M.D., M.B.A.

Most patients with peripheral vascular disease present with subtle findings and lack classic symptoms, which makes diagnosis difficult. Treatment may include lifestyle, medical, and surgical therapies.

TALKAD S. RAGHUVEER, M.D., UTTAM GARG, PH.D., and WILLIAM D. GRAF, M.D.

Early and specific diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism and prompt initiation of appropriate therapy are the best determinants of outcome for affected infants and children.