DOUGLAS IVINS, M.D., M.S.C.E.

Initial treatment of acute ankle injury should focus on reducing swelling and pain and preventing further ligament injury. Functional rehabilitation with range-of-motion and strengthening exercises is preferred over immobilization.

PEGGY R. CYR, M.D.

This papular eruption is asymptomatic but can have a dramatic appearance. The localized form usually is self-limited and resolves within one to two years, whereas the generalized form can last for three to four years or longer. Although treatment is not always necessary, several options are available, and consultation with a dermatologist is recommended.

ERIKA RINGDAHL, M.D., and LYNN TEAGUE, M.D.

Testicular torsion must be diagnosed quickly and accurately to avoid testicular loss. Treatment involves rapid restoration of blood flow to the affected testis, optimally within six hours after the onset of symptoms.

Patient information: "Testicular Torsion: What You Should Know," p. 1746

GERALD F. FLETCHER, M.D., WESLEY C. MILLS, M.D., and WALTER C. TAYLOR, M.D.

Exercise stress testing is an important diagnostic tool for evaluating suspected or known cardiac disease. This article discusses the 2002 revision of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines on exercise stress testing.