STEPHEN M. ADAMS, MD, and PAUL D. KNOWLES, MD

Patient history and physical examination should direct diagnostic testing decisions for patients presenting after a first seizure. All patients should receive electroencephalography. Neuroimaging should be performed in all adults and in children with risk factors.

A. STEVENS WRIGHTSON, MD

Hearing loss may affect as many as three out of every 1,000 newborns in the United States. Universal newborn hearing screening helps to identify hearing impairment in newborns with or without risk factors.

SARA M. KASS, CDR, MC, USN, PAMELA M. WILLIAMS, MAJ, USAF, MC, and BRIAN V. REAMY, COL, USAF, MC

The causes of pleuritic chest pain range from life-threatening to benign, and serious causes must be ruled out first. History, physical examination, and chest radiography are recommended for all patients. Treatment consists of pain management with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as specific treatments targeted at the underlying condition.

ROBERT C. OH, MPH, MAJ, MC, USA, and J. BRIAN LANIER, CPT, MC, USA

The initial management of hypertriglyceridemia should include counseling patients about therapeutic lifestyle changes and screening for metabolic syndrome and other acquired or secondary causes. After adequate initiation of therapeutic lifestyle changes, pharmacotherapy with statins, fibrates, niacin, or fish oil may be effective.

Patient information: "Hypertriglyceridemia: What You Should Know," p. 1372