LORI M. DICKERSON, PharmD, PETER J. CAREK, MD, MS, and ROBERT GLEN QUATTLEBAUM, MD, MPH

Stroke survivors have an average of 10 outpatient visits per year. At each visit, physicians should evaluate vascular risk factors (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia) and lifestyle risk factors (e.g., obesity, smoking, alcohol use). Preventive therapy includes drug treatment, with surgical intervention in selected patients.

TOM LYNCH, PharmD, and AMY PRICE, MD

Cytochrome P450 enzymes can be inhibited or induced by drugs, resulting in clinically significant drug-drug interactions that may cause unanticipated adverse effects or therapeutic failures. Knowledge of the drugs metabolized, as well as the most common inhibiting and inducing medications, can help reduce the possibility of adverse interactions.

MICHAEL C. LU, MD, MPH

Every woman of reproductive age who is capable of becoming pregnant is a candidate for preconception care, even if she is not planning to conceive. Most components of preconception care can be performed in the primary care setting.

THOMAS MORGAN, MD

The clinical manifestations of Turner syndrome vary; however, the syndrome should be considered in girls with short stature or primary amenorrhea. Complications and risk factors associated with Turner syndrome should be managed throughout the patient's life.