Diabetes: Type 2

This collection features AFP content deemed current by the AFP online medical editor on type 2 diabetes and related issues, including blood glucose levels, diabetic complications (such as ketoacidosis and neuropathy), glycemic control, insulin management, and gestational diabetes. New research may affect the interpretation and application of this material. Clinical judgment is advised. Note that AFP content published within the past 12 months is accessible to AAFP members and paid subscribers only.

Last Update: 05/30/2013

Screening and Diagnosis Prevention Treatment Complications and Special Situations Editorials and Letters

Improving Practice Patient Education, Self-Care Other AFP Content Other Resources from AAFP

Screening and Diagnosis

• Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnosis and Screening (04/01/2010)
• Screening for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Adults [Putting Prevention into Practice] (11/15/2009)
• A1C Testing in the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus [FPIN's Clinical Inquiries] (07/01/2006)
• Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus [Putting Prevention into Practice] (07/15/2009)

Prevention

• ACS/ADA/AHA Issue Core Recommendations for Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes [Practice Guidelines] (02/15/2005)
• Metformin Therapy and Diabetes Prevention in Adolescents Who Are Obese [FPIN's Clinical Inquiries] (11/01/2007)
• Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors May Reduce the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes [Cochrane for Clinicians] (08/01/2007)

Treatment

• Diabetes: Treating Hypertension [Clinical Evidence Handbook] (04/15/2013)
• ACP Updates Guideline on Oral Pharmacologic Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [Practice Guidelines] (01/15/2013)
• Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Patients with Type 2 Diabetics Not Using Insulin [Cochrane for Clinicians] (05/01/2012)
• Medications for Weight Loss in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [FPIN's Clinical Inquiries] (03/15/2012)
• ADA Releases Revisions to Recommendations for Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes [Practice Guidelines] (03/01/2012)
• ACP Releases Guideline on Intensive Insulin Therapy in Hospitalized Patients [Practice Guidelines] (11/01/2011)
• Insulin Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (07/15/2011)
• Treating Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain (07/15/2010)
• Glucose Control in Hospitalized Patients (05/01/2010)
• Glycemic Control in Hospitalized Patients Not in Intensive Care: Beyond Sliding-Scale Insulin (05/01/2010)
• Management of Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (01/01/2009)
• Joint Guideline on Intensive Glycemic Control and the Prevention of Cardiovascular Events [Practice Guidelines] (11/15/2009)
• Choosing First-Line Therapy for Management of Type 2 Diabetes [AFP Journal Club] (01/01/2008)
• Pharmacologic Management of Hypertension in Patients with Diabetes (12/01/2008)
• Management of Type 2 Diabetes in Youth: An Update (09/01/2007)
• Home Monitoring of Glucose and Blood Pressure (07/15/2007)
• Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes [FPIN's Clinical Inquiries] (04/01/2007)
• Low Glycemic Index Diets for the Management of Diabetes [Cochrane for Clinicians] (11/01/2009)
• The Role of Exercise in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes [Cochrane for Clinicians] (02/01/2007)
• Facilitating Treatment Adherence With Lifestyle Changes in Diabetes (01/15/2004)

Specific Therapies

• Bromocriptine Mesylate (Cycloset) for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [STEPS] (05/15/2013)
• Metformin Use in Adolescents [FPIN's Clinical Inquiries] (04/15/2013)
• Linagliptin (Tradjenta) for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus [STEPS] (12/15/2012)
• Updated Recommendations on Daily Aspirin Use in Patients with Diabetes [Practice Guidelines] (12/15/2010)
• Does Metformin Increase the Risk of Fatal or Nonfatal Lactic Acidosis? [Cochrane for Clinicians] (11/01/2010)
• Saxagliptin (Onglyza) for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [STEPS] (06/15/2010)
• Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 Inhibitors for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes [Cochrane for Clinicians] (03/01/2009)
• Sitagliptin (Januvia) for the Treatment of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes [STEPS] (09/15/2007)
• Statin Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes [FPIN's Clinical Inquiries] (09/01/2005)
• Are Long-acting Insulin Analogues Better Than Isophane Insulin? [Cochrane for Clinicians] (02/15/2008)
• Does Pioglitazone Benefit Patients With Type 2 Diabetes? [Cochrane for Clinicians] (10/01/2007)
• Therapies for Diabetes: Pramlintide and Exenatide (06/15/2007)
• Insulin Inhalation Powder (Exubera) for Diabetes Mellitus [STEPS] (05/15/2007)
• Pregabalin (Lyrica) for the Management of Pain Associated with Diabetic Neuropathy [STEPS] (12/15/2006)
• Insulin Detemir (Levmir) for Diabetes Mellitus [STEPS] (07/15/2006)
• Exenatide Injection (Byetta): Adjunctive Therapy for Glycemic Control [STEPS] (06/15/2006)
• Are Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors Effective for Control of Type 2 Diabetes? [Cochrane for Clinicians] (02/01/2006)

Complications and Special Situations

• Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Evaluation and Treatment (03/01/2013)
• Diabetic Nephropathy--The Family Physician's Role (05/01/2012)
• Diabetic Nephropathy: Preventing Progression [Clinical Evidence Handbook] (03/15/2011)
• Treating Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain (07/15/2010)
• Glucose Control in Hospitalized Patients (05/01/2010)
• Diabetes: Foot Ulcers and Amputations [Clinical Evidence Handbook] (10/15/2009)
• Diagnosis and Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (07/01/2009)
• Intensive Management of Gestational Diabetes [Cochrane for Clinicians] (07/01/2004)
• Diabetic Foot Infection (07/01/2008)
• Gastrointestinal Complications of Diabetes (06/15/2008)
• Evaluation and Prevention of Diabetic Neuropathy (06/01/2005)
• Angiotensin Blockade in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy [FPIN's Clinical Inquiries] (08/01/2007)
• Antihypertensive Agents for Prevention of Diabetic Nephropathy [Cochrane for Clinicians] (07/01/2006)
• Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (05/01/2005)
• Perioperative Management of Diabetes (01/01/2003)
• AHA Examines Cardiovascular Problems in Diabetes [Practice Guidelines] (01/15/2000)

Editorials and Letters

• Should the Target A1C Level Be Less Than 7 Percent? No: The Case for Modest Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes [Editorials] (12/15/2012)
• Should the Target A1C Level Be Less Than 7 Percent? Yes: This Should Be the Target for Most Patients [Editorials] (12/15/2012)
• Type 2 Diabetes: Separating Proven from Unproven Interventions [Editorials] (09/01/2009)
• Strategies to Improve Diabetes Care [Editorials] (10/15/2003)
• When Should Pregnant Women with Diabetes Receive Insulin? [Letters to the Editor] (01/15/2005)

Improving Practice

• Diabetes: Taking Control of My Health [Close-ups] (06/01/2013)
• A Lifestyle That Enables Me to Control My Type 2 Diabetes [Close-ups] (10/01/2011)
• Getting Motivated Is Difficult [Close-ups] (02/01/2010)
• Supporting Self-management in Patients with Chronic Illness (10/15/2005)

From Family Practice Management

AAFP's Journal of Practice Improvement

• An Organized Approach to Chronic Disease Care (05/01/2011)
• Patient-Physician Partnering to Improve Chronic Disease Care (05/01/2004)
• Making Diabetes Checkups More Fruitful (09/01/2000)

Patient Education, Self-Care

• Lifestyle Changes to Manage Type 2 Diabetes (01/01/2009)

Other AFP Content

Tips from Other Journals

• A Comparison of Screening Guidelines for Diabetes Mellitus (09/15/2010)
• Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Diabetes (11/01/2009)
• Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Diabetes (11/01/2009)

Other Resources from AAFP

• METRIC Diabetes Module