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Caring for Patients Who Have Acute and Subacute Low Back Pain

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  1. Chou R, Qaseem A, Snow V, Casey D, Cross JT Jr, Shekelle P, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of low back pain: a joint clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians and the American Pain Society. Ann Intern Med 2007;147:478-91.
  2. The Low Back Pain Workgroup. VHA/DOD clinical practice guideline for the management of low back pain or sciatica in the primary care setting. Washington, D.C.: Veterans Health Administration, Department of Defense; 1999.
  3. Jensen S. Back pain – clinical assessment. Aust Fam Physician 2004;33:393-401.
  4. Waddell G, McCulloch JA, Kummel E, Venner RM. Nonorganic physical signs in low-back pain. Spine 1980;5:117-25.
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