You must notify the enumerator of any changes within 30 days of the change. Most changes will not change your NPI number. Only rare circumstances such as fraudulent use of your NPI number will require that you be issued a new number.
You can change the information in your NPI file online. You may either create a user ID or, if you have one already, log in and update your information. Download the form (6-page PDF file; About PDFs) to make your change by mail.