Ibuprofen for Treatment of Episodic Tension-Type Headaches

Joseph R. Yancey; Patrick Saas

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May 1, 2016 Issue

Medicine by the Numbers

A Collaboration of TheNNT.com and AFP

Ibuprofen for Treatment of Episodic Tension-Type Headaches

JOSEPH YANCEY, MD, and PATRICK SAAS, MD

Am Fam Physician. 2016 May 1;93(9):online.

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IBUPROFEN FOR TENSION-TYPE HEADACHES

Number needed to treat = 1 in 14 patients are pain-free at two hours

Benefits	Harms
1 in 14 became headache-associated pain-free at 2 hours	None developed adverse events
1 in 6 reported “very good” or “excellent” scores on a global evaluation scale
1 in 9 did not use an additional rescue medication

IBUPROFEN FOR TENSION-TYPE HEADACHES

Number needed to treat = 1 in 14 patients are pain-free at two hours

Benefits	Harms
1 in 14 became headache-associated pain-free at 2 hours	None developed adverse events
1 in 6 reported “very good” or “excellent” scores on a global evaluation scale
1 in 9 did not use an additional rescue medication

Details for This Review

Study Population: Adult patients with frequent, episodic tension-type headaches

Efficacy End Points: Pain-free at one hour, pain-free at two hours, global evaluation, and use of rescue medication within six hours

Harm End Points: Any adverse events

Narrative: Tension-type headaches are common.1 Persons who experience one to 14 tension-type headaches per month are defined as having episodic tension-type headaches,2 and ibuprofen is often used for treatment.

This Cochrane review of 12 studies with 3,094 total participants sought to determine the effectiveness of ibuprofen for episodic tension-type headaches.3 All included trials were randomized comparisons of 400 mg of ibuprofen vs. placebo. Although there was no significant difference between ibuprofen and placebo at one hour, more patients treated with ibuprofen were pain-free at two hours (number needed to treat [NNT] = 14) and more likely to report “very good” or “excellent” scores on a global evaluation scale (NNT = 6). There was no significant difference in adverse events between ibuprofen and placebo.

Caveats: Overall, the evidence quality was good, with all studies being randomized and double-blinded. Some of the studies were small and some had inconsistent reporting of outcomes, but the risk for bias was considered low. Given the broad frequency of episodic tension-type headaches, the authors note it is hard to tell from this meta-analysis whether ibuprofen is more or less likely to be beneficial in those who have only one to two headache days per month compared with those who have more frequent headaches because many studies did not report baseline headache frequency. Still, use of ibuprofen seems to be well supported by the evidence in this meta-analysis, as well as by the European Federation of Neurological Societies.4

This series is coordinated by Dean A. Seehusen, MD, MPH, AFP Contributing Editor, and Daniel Runde, MD, from the NNT Group (theNNT.com).

A collection of Medicine by the Numbers published in AFP is available at https://www.aafp.org/afp/mbtn.

This review is available from the NNT Group at http://www.thennt.com/nnt/ibuprofen-treatment-episodic-tension-type-headaches/.

Author disclosure: No relevant financial affiliations.

REFERENCES

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1. Hainer BL, Matheson EM. Approach to acute headache in adults. Am Fam Physician. 2013;87(10):682–687....

2. Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd ed. (beta version). Cephalalgia. 2013;33(9):629–808.

3. Derry S, Wiffen PJ, Moore RA, Bendtsen L. Ibuprofen for acute treatment of episodic tension-type headache in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(7):CD011474.

4. Bendtsen L, Evers S, Linde M, Mitsikostas DD, Sandrini G, Schoenen J; EFNS. EFNS guideline on the treatment of tension-type headache—report of an EFNS task force. Eur J Neurol. 2010;17(11):1318–1325.

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