Please note: This information was current at the time of publication. But medical information is always changing, and some information given here may be out of date. For regularly updated information on a variety of health topics, please visit familydoctor.org, the AAFP patient education website.
Information from Your Family Doctor
Chronic Kidney Disease: What You Should Know
Am Fam Physician. 2017 Dec 15;96(12):online.
See related article on chronic kidney disease
What do the kidneys do?
The kidneys clean the blood by removing waste products, which then leave the body through the urine. The kidneys have an important role in balancing the body's fluids. They also help control blood pressure, keep bones strong, and make red blood cells.
What is chronic kidney disease?
Chronic kidney disease happens when the kidneys are damaged and can't clean the blood or do their other jobs.
What causes it?
Many things can damage the kidneys. The two most common causes of chronic kidney disease are diabetes and high blood pressure.
What are the symptoms?
If you have chronic kidney disease, you may not feel anything unusual. However, you may have these symptoms:
Tiredness
Stomachache
Muscle weakness
Less urine output
Swollen legs
Puffy eyes
Should I be tested?
If you are 60 years or older, have diabetes or high blood pressure, or if you have family members with kidney disease, your doctor may want to test you for chronic kidney disease. He or she will check your blood pressure and order certain blood and urine tests to find out how well your kidneys are filtering your blood, and to see if there is protein in your urine.
What can I do to help my kidneys?
It is important to stay away from things that can hurt your kidneys. You might need to:
Stop smoking
Keep your blood sugar at a healthy range if you have diabetes
Lower your blood pressure to healthy levels through diet, exercise, and medicines
Lower your cholesterol
Maintain a healthy weight
Take medicine to slow down damage to your kidneys
Avoid medicines called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (or NSAIDs). Examples include ibuprofen (brand names: Advil, Motrin) and naproxen (brand name: Aleve).
Where can I learn more about chronic kidney disease?
Your doctor
AAFP's Patient Information Resource
Medline Plus
National Kidney Disease Education Program
National Kidney Foundation
Adapted with permission from Snyder S, Pendergraph B. Chronic kidney disease [patient handout]. Am Fam Physician. 2005;72(9):1733–1734. http://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/1101/p1733.html. Accessed August 29, 2017.
This handout is provided to you by your family doctor and the American Academy of Family Physicians. Other health-related information is available from the AAFP online at http://familydoctor.org.
This information provides a general overview and may not apply to everyone. Talk to your family doctor to find out if this information applies to you and to get more information on this subject.
Copyright © 2017 by the American Academy of Family Physicians.
This content is owned by the AAFP. A person viewing it online may make one printout of the material and may use that printout only for his or her personal, non-commercial reference. This material may not otherwise be downloaded, copied, printed, stored, transmitted or reproduced in any medium, whether now known or later invented, except as authorized in writing by the AAFP. Contact
afpserv@aafp.org for copyright questions and/or permission requests.
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