Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and a major cause of morbidity and mortality for people living with type 2 diabetes. A recent survey by the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association showed that only half of people age 45 and older with type 2 diabetes recognize their increased risk or have discussed their risk with their health care providers.
Recognizing that many different providers, family physicians, endocrinologists, cardiologists, and advanced practice professionals care for patients with type 2 diabetes with cardiovascular, the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) collaborated with the Endocrine Society, the American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP), and the American Academy of PAs (AAPA) to create this CME activity to address the clinical and educational gaps, with a focus on the current and future state of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
This CME activity consists of three educational cases, which follow the progression of cardiovascular disease from early/prediabetes to advancing/progressive disease to late stage/managing advanced complications. A learner may engage in one, two, or all three cases. Each case is eligible for one hour of AAFP Prescribed credit.
1 AAFP Prescribed credit
Learning Objectives:
- Discuss the epidemiology of prediabetes and diabetes
- Review risk factors, screening tools and diagnostic criteria for prediabetes and diabetes
- Describe the pathophysiology and complications of prediabetes
- Analyze the relationship between prediabetes and cardiovascular disease
- Develop and implement screening strategies for a patient presenting with prediabetes
- Formulate an evidence-based treatment plan for patients with prediabetes including lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions
Case 2: Patient-Centered Management of Diabetes and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
1 AAFP Prescribed credit
Learning Objectives:
- Discuss prevalence and associations of diabetes, cardiovascular disorders (CVD), and diabetic kidney disease (DKD)
- Recognize diabetes as a CVD equivalent and accelerator
- Review behavioral interventions for mitigating CVD and DKD risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
- Distinguish major drug classes and outcomes from cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) related to impacts on glycemic control, CVD and DKD risk reduction in T2DM
- Develop clinical strategies using CVOT drug classes to optimize glycemic goals and reduce CVD and DKD risk for patients with T2DM
- Implement a team approach to diabetes care encouraging patient-centered diabetes self-management skills, education and support (DSMES)
Case 3: Managing Macrovascular Complications In Patients with Diabetes
1 AAFP Prescribed credit
Learning Objectives:
- Review major risk factors for coronary artery disease, diabetic kidney disease and heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes
- Summarize the associations of type 2 diabetes, CVD and DKD and implications to the progression of cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) and CV mortality
- Apply CVOT results to provide guidance on appropriate pharmacologic interventions for patients with advanced diabetes related complications
- Analyze the impact of hypoglycemia in patients with advanced coronary artery disease and discuss techniques for mitigating risk of hypoglycemia
- Employ tools and techniques to improve adherence and long-term chronic disease outcomes
- Educational Program Quick Links
- So that you can earn the appropriate continuing education units you need, you can access the courses through each of the participating associations.
Resources
Visit the Endocrine Society Resource Center.
This resource center was made possible by a grant from Boehringer Ingelheim and Novo Nordisk. We are grateful for their support of this important clinical resource.
Resources from AAFP:
Patient-facing Diabetes Resources from familydoctor.org
Family Practice Management (FPM) Toolbox - Disease Management: Diabetes
Download encounter forms, patient agreements, and flow sheets to help you manage diabetes care.
American Family Physician (AFP) - Diabetes: Type 2
This collection features the best content from AFP, as identified by the AFP editors, on type 2 diabetes and related issues, including blood glucose levels, diabetic complications (such as ketoacidosis and neuropathy), glycemic control, insulin management, and gestational diabetes.
AAFP Patient Care Resources: Diabetes
The AAFP has a variety of resources to help family physicians with prevention, screening, treatment, management, and counseling of their patients. The resources in this link include clinical practice guidelines, clinical preventive service recommendations, continuing medical education (CME) courses, and journal articles. Additionally, the AAFP has resources for practice management and patient-specific materials.
CME Credit Statements
The Endocrine Society is the CME provider for these sessions.
The AAFP has reviewed Current and Future State of Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes, and deemed it acceptable for AAFP credit. Term of approval is from 11/17/2020 to 11/16/2021. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. Credit approval includes the following sessions:
- 1.00 Enduring Materials, Self-Study AAFP Prescribed Credit - Case 1 - Prediabetes and Cardiovascular Risks: A Primary Call To Action
- 1.00 Enduring Materials, Self-Study AAFP Prescribed Credit - Case 2 - Patient-Centered Management of Diabetes and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
- 1.00 Enduring Materials, Self-Study AAFP Prescribed Credit - Case 3 - Managing Macrovascular Complications In Patients with Diabetes