The comprehensive ova and parasite microscopic exam often requires submission of multiple stool samples, is labor intensive, requires significant expertise to perform, and typically has lower sensitivity when compared with many other tests now available. Instead, consider ordering antigen detection tests (i.e., direct fluorescent antibody, enzyme immunoassay, indirect immunofluorescence assay, rapid immunochromatographic tests), modified acid-fast stain, or molecular tests that detect specific gastrointestinal parasites most commonly acquired in the United States. When investigating cases of gastrointestinal disease, it is important to take a comprehensive clinical history that considers the patient’s exposure risk, mechanism(s) of transmission, and immune status. Patients lacking international travel history or residence in areas where parasites are endemic are most likely to be exposed to intestinal parasites associated with outbreaks from exposure to contaminated food or water. In the United States these pathogens include Giardia duodenalis (G. lamblia, G. intestinalis), Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium, and Cyclospora. For most individuals with healthy immune systems, symptoms self-resolve without treatment. Testing is recommended in individuals with prolonged symptoms, risk for development of severe infection, or when pathogen identification is necessary for public health reasons. Numerous antigen detection assays and molecular tests, including multiplex panels, have been developed for targeted detection of the most common gastrointestinal parasites acquired in the United States.