Increased height

Excess production of growth hormone

Hyperthyroidism

Klinefelter's syndrome

Marfan syndrome

Homocystinuria

Decreased height

Growth hormone deficiency

Hypothyroidism

Chronic anemia

Chromosomal disorders (Turner's syndrome)

Failure of a major organ system (especially gastrointestinal, renal, pulmonary or cardiovascular)

Skeletal dysplasia/rickets

Psychosocial deprivation