Increased urate production
	Cause
		Nutritional	Excess purine, ethanol, fructose consumption
		Hematologic	Myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders, polycythemia
		Drugs	Ethanol, cytotoxic drugs, vitamin B12 (treatment of pernicious anemia)
		Miscellaneous	Obesity, psoriasis, hypertriglyceridemia
Decreased renal excretion of urate
	Cause
		Drugs	Ethanol, cyclosporine (Sandimmune), thiazides, furosemide (Lasix) and other loop diuretics, ethambutol (Myambutol), pyrazinamide, aspirin (low-dose), levodopa (Larodopa), nicotinic acid (Nicolar)
		Renal	Hypertension, polycystic kidney disease, chronic renal failure (any etiology)
		Metabolic/endocrine	Dehydration, lactic acidosis, ketosis, hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism
		Miscellaneous	Obesity, sarcoidosis, toxemia of pregnancy