Finding	Cause	Treatment
Constitutional
Anorexia	Opportunistic disease	Disease-specific therapy
	HIV	Highly active antiretroviral therapy
	Depression	Antidepressant
	Dementia	Highly active antiretroviral therapy
	Substance abuse	Specific therapy
Nausea	Medications	Assess drug interactions
	Alternative therapies	Adjust therapy
	Idiopathic	Antiemetics
Oropharynx
Xerostomia	Medications	Adjust therapy
	HIV(?)	Hydration, lozenges, consider pilocarpine (Pilopine)
Odontogenic infection	Oral flora	Clindamycin (Cleocin), 300 mg every 6 hours; dental referral
Ulceration	Aphthous stomatitis	Thalidomide (Thalomid), 50 to 200 mg once daily; dexamethasone mouth rinse
	HSV infection	Acyclovir (Zovirax), 400 mg 3 times daily
Erythema, exudate	Candidal infection	Clotrimazole (Mycelex) troches, 10 mg every 4 hours; fluconazole (Diflucan), 100 mg once daily (for resistant species only)
Mass	Kaposi's sarcoma	Chemotherapy and radiation therapy
Esophagus
Ulceration	Cytomegalovirus infection	Ganciclovir (Cytovene), 5 mg per kg IV twice daily for 2 weeks, then 1 g orally 3 times daily
	HSV infection	Acyclovir, 400 mg 3 times daily
	Mycobacterium avium complex infection	Clarithromycin (Biaxin), 500 mg 2 times daily, or azithromycin (Zithromax), 600 mg once daily, and ethambutol (Myambutol), 15 to 25 mg per kg per day, with or without ciprofloxacin (Cipro) or rifabutin (Mycobutin)
Ulceration/exudates	Candidal infection	Fluconazole, 100 to 200 mg once daily
Mass	Kaposi's sarcoma, B-cell lymphoma	Chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy
Abdominal pain
Pancreatitis	Medications	Adjust therapy
	Cytomegalovirus infection	Ganciclovir, 5 mg per kg IV 2 times daily for 2 weeks, then 1 g orally 3 times daily