Regimen	Dosage	Common adverse effects	Cost*
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)	5 mg per kg of trimethoprim component every 8 hours, IV or orally (for most patients, oral dosage is 2 double-strength tablets three times daily)	Maculopapular rash, fever, bone marrow suppression, hepatitis, nausea, vomiting, hyperkalemia	$137, generic†
			8, brand‡
Pentamidine	4 mg per kg IV once daily, infused over 60 minutes	Hypo- or hyperglycemia and subsequent diabetes mellitus, arrhythmias, QT interval prolongation, leukopenia, pancreatitis, bone marrow suppression, hepatitis, fever	99, brand
Trimetrexate (Neutrexin) and leucovorin	Trimetrexate§: for patients < 50 kg—1.5 mg per kg per day IV; for patients 50 to 80 kg—1.2 mg per kg per day IV; for patients > 80 kg—1.0 mg per kg per day IV	Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia	264, brand
	Leucovorin§: for patients < 50 kg—0.8 mg per kg IV or orally every 6 hours; for patients ≥50 kg—0.5 mg per kg IV or orally every 6 hours (round off to next highest dosage when using leucovorin orally); continue leucovorin for 72 hours after last trimetrexate dose.		20 to 70, generic† 98 to 163, generic‡
	May add dapsone, 100 mg per day orally.		0.20 to 0.30, generic
Trimethoprim (Proloprim) and dapsone	Trimethoprim, 5 mg per kg orally every 8 hours and dapsone, 100 mg orally once daily	Nausea, vomiting, fever, rash, bone marrow suppression, hepatitis, hemolysis, methemoglobinemia	7, brand (2 to 3, generic)
			0.20 to 0.30, generic
Clindamycin (Cleocin) and primaquine	Clindamycin, 600 to 900 mg IV or 300 to 400 mg orally every 6 to 8 hours Primaquine base, 15 to 30 mg orally once daily∥	Rash, anemia, neutropenia, methemoglobinemia, hemolysis	42, brand (2 to 3, generic)† 10, brand‡ (3 to 7, generic) 0.75, brand
Atovaquone (Mepron)	750 mg of suspension orally three times daily with fatty foods (do not use in patients with diarrhea or malabsorption)	Nausea, vomiting, rash	42, brand