Stage in transtheoretical model of change	Patient stage	Incorporating other explanatory/treatment models
Precontemplation	Not thinking about change	Locus of Control
	May be resigned	Health Belief Model
	Feeling of no control	Motivational interviewing
	Denial: does not believe it applies to self
	Believes consequences are not serious
Contemplation	Weighing benefits and costs of behavior, proposed change	Health Belief Model
		Motivational interviewing
Preparation	Experimenting with small changes	Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Action	Taking a definitive action to change	Cognitive-behavioral therapy 12-Step program
Maintenance	Maintaining new behavior over time	Cognitive-behavioral therapy 12-Step program
Relapse	Experiencing normal part of process of change	Motivational interviewing 12-Step program
	Usually feels demoralized