Finding	Probable diagnosis
Scapular winging, trauma, recent viral illness	Serratus anterior or trapezius dysfunction
Seizure and inability to passively or actively rotate affected arm externally	Posterior shoulder dislocation
Supraspinatus/infraspinatus wasting	Rotator cuff tear; suprascapular nerve entrapment
Pain radiating below elbow; decreased cervical range of motion	Cervical disc disease
Shoulder pain in throwing athletes; anterior glenohumeral joint pain and impingement	Glenohumeral joint instability
Pain or “clunking” sound with overhead motion	Labral disorder
Nighttime shoulder pain	Impingement
Generalized ligamentous laxity	Multidirectional instability