Barium swallow studies

Suspected obstructive lesion (e.g., Schatzki's ring, tumor)

Suspected esophageal motility disorder

Double-contrast upper gastrointestinal evaluation

Suspected esophageal mucosal injury

Evaluation of oropharyngeal anatomy and function (fluoroscopy)

Suspected gastroesophageal reflux disease

Gastroesophageal endoscopy

Suspected acute obstructive lesion (impacted food bolus)

Evaluation of the esophageal mucosa

Confirmation of a positive barium study with biopsies or cytology

Manometry

Abnormality not identified on barium study or by endoscopy

pH monitoring

Suspected gastroesophageal reflux disease

Videoradiography

Suspected risk of aspiration