Mild to moderate exacerbations*
First-line antibiotics
Doxycycline (Vibramycin), 100 mg twice daily
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim DS, Septra DS), one tablet twice daily
Amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium(Augmentin), one 500 mg/125 mg tablet three times daily or one 875 mg/125 mg tablet twice daily
Macrolides
Clarithromycin (Biaxin), 500 mg twice daily
Azithromycin (Zithromax), 500 mg initially, then 250 mg daily
Fluoroquinolones
Levofloxacin (Levaquin), 500 mg daily
Gatifloxacin (Tequin), 400 mg daily
Moxifloxacin (Avelox), 400 mg daily
Moderate to severe exacerbations
Cephalosporins
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin), 1 to 2 g IV daily
Cefotaxime (Claforan), 1 g IV every 8 to 12 hours
Ceftazidime (Fortaz), 1 to 2 g IV every 8 to 12 hours
Antipseudomonal penicillins
Piperacillin-tazobactam (Zosyn), 3.375 g IV every 6 hours
Ticarcillin-clavulanate potassium (Timentin), 3.1 g IV every 4 to 6 hours
Fluoroquinolones
Levofloxacin, 500 mg IV daily
Gatifloxacin, 400 mg IV daily
Aminoglycoside
Tobramycin (Tobrex), 1 mg per kg IV every 8 to 12 hours, or 5 mg per kg IV daily