Degree of envenomation	Presentation	Treatment
0. None	Punctures or abrasions; some pain or tenderness at the bite	Local wound care, no antivenin
I. Mild	Pain, tenderness, edema at the bite; perioral paresthesias may be present.	If antivenin is necessary, administer about five vials.*
II. Moderate	Pain, tenderness, erythema, edema beyond the area adjacent to the bite; often, systemic manifestations and mild coagulopathy	Administration of five to 15 vials of antivenin may be necessary.
III. Severe	Intense pain and swelling of entire extremity, often with severe systemic signs and symptoms; Coagulopathy	Administer at least 15 to 20 vials of antivenin.
IV. Life-threatening	Marked abnormal signs and symptoms; severe coagulopathy	Administer at least 25 vials of antivenin.