Injury	Predisposing factors	Rate of onset	Age of onset	Symptoms	Signs	Treatment	Recovery time
Tendonitis	Increased activity, poor-fitting footwear, excessive pronation, poor flexibility	Gradual	Any	Pain over tendon, heel pain, stiffness	Tenderness with palpation; tendon thickened; pain with range of motion	NSAIDs, ice, rest, increased warm-up/stretching, heel lifts	Weeks to months
Rupture	Explosivemovements, long-term chronic tendonitis	Sudden	Late 20s	Feeling of being kicked in hearing a “pop”; mild to moderate pain; inability to continue activity	Swelling, inability to palpate back of ankle; feeling or defect; small knot or bulge at proximal portion of Achilles; inability to perform single-leg toe raise on affected side; abnormal Thompson test*	Surgery or Achilles tendon or palpable immobilization	6 to 12 months
Bursitis	Low-riding shoes	Very gradual	Late 40s	Pain in back of heel, worsening with initiation of activity, improving with rest; pain while wearing shoes; limp develops over time	Tender, palpable bursa posterior to calcaneus	Ice, stretching, NSAIDs, heel cups	Weeks