Band keratopathy: calcium deposits in the anterior cornea, usually as a horizontal band within the palpebral fissure Choroiditis: inflammation of the choroid layer of the eye; usually painless but associated with blurred vision; can lead to scarring of the choroid and the retina, with permanent visual loss Dysmetria: multiple small and inaccurate eye movements Episcleritis: inflammation of the episclera, a membrane covering the sclera Hemianopia: defect in one half of the visual field of one or both eyes respecting the vertical midline Hypopyon: an accumulation of inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber producing a layered meniscus in the inferior aspect of the anterior chamber Internuclear ophthalmoplegia: limitation of adduction in one eye with nystagmus in the abducting eye; caused by a lesion in the medial longitudinal fasciculus Iridocyclitis: inflammation of the iris and ciliary body Keratic precipitates: an accumulation of inflammatory materials on the posterior surface of the cornea forming tiny, brownish clumps Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye): a breakdown in the aqueous (middle) layer of the tear film (normal tear film consists of three layers; the outermost layer is a lipid layer, the middle layer is an aqueous layer, and the innermost layer is a mucous layer). Prolonged dryness can permanently damage the cornea. Macular edema: inflammation of the macula, the area responsible for central vision. Edema is caused by fluid leaking from retinal blood vessels. The condition is painless but associated with visual changes. It may be referred to as cystoid when cyst-like formations are seen in the macula. Paracentral ulcerative keratitis: destructive ulceration of the clear central or paracentral cornea; associated with pain and photophobia Peripheral ulcerative keratitis: a peripheral corneal ulceration associated with a crescent-shaped destructive inflammation of the juxtalimbal cornea, with pain and photophobia Punctuate erosive keratopathy: see superficial punctate keratitis Scleritis: inflammation of the sclera, the white outer surface of the eye Scleromalacia perforans: a thinning of the sclera characterized by yellow or grayish nodules that gradually separate from the underlying sclera, leaving the choroid bare or covered only by a thin layer of conjunctiva Sclerosing keratitis: refers to keratitis associated with scleral disease Staphyloma: protrusion of the cornea or sclera, lined with uveal tissue; may cause visual changes Superficial punctate keratitis: breakdown or damage of the epithelium in a pinpoint pattern; also known as punctate erosive keratopathy or punctate epithelial erosions Uveitis: inflammation of the uvea (iris, ciliary body, and choroid); anterior uveitis refers to the iris and ciliary body and is frequently known as iritis, cyclitis, or iridocyclitis. Uveitis lasting less than three months is referred to as acute while inflammation lasting greater than three months is considered chronic.