Serum calcium level greater than 1 mg per dL (0.24 mmol per L) above the upper limit of normal

24-hour urinary calcium level greater than 400 mg (10 mmol per day)

Creatinine clearance reduced by more than 30 percent, compared with age-matched patients

Bone density at the lumbar spine, hip, or distal radius greater than 2.5 standard deviations below peak bone mass (t-score, < −2.5)

Patient younger than 50 years

Patient cannot be monitored reliably