Disease	Vaccine and dosage	Treatment (adults)		Treatment (children)		Prevention (adults)
Anthrax1,4	Bioport vaccine, 0.5 mL SC at weeks 0, 2, and 4, and months 6, 12, and 18, then annual boosters	Ciprofloxacin (Cipro), 400 mg IV twice daily or Ciprofloxacin, 500 mg orally twice daily or Doxycycline (Vibramycin), 200 mg IV, then 100 mg IV twice daily for 60 days or Penicillin, 4 million units IV every four hours for 14 days		Ciprofloxacin, 10 to 15 mg per kg IV twice daily (maximum: 1 g per day) or Doxycycline (> 8 years), 2.5 mg per kg IV or orally twice daily for 60 days		Ciprofloxacin, 500 mg orally twice daily for 60 days; if unvaccinated, begin initial doses of vaccine orAmoxicillin, 500 mg orally three times daily Amoxicillin, 500 mg orally three times daily or Doxycycline, 100 mg orally twice daily for 60 days, plus vaccination
Smallpox9	Wyeth calf lymph vaccinia, one dose by scarification	No current treatment other than supportive; cidofovir (Vistide) is effective in vitro; animal studies are ongoing		Same as adult treatment		Vaccinia immune globulin, 0.6 mL per kg IM within 3 days (most effective within 24 hours) of exposure
Plague16	Vaccine is no longer available	Streptomycin, 30 mg per kg per day IM in two divided doses for 10 to 14 days or Gentamicin (Garamycin), 5 mg per kg IM or IV once daily for 10 to 14 days or Ciprofloxacin, 400 mg IV twice daily until clinically improved, then 750 mg orally twice daily for a total of 10 to 14 days or Doxycycline, 200 mg IV, then 100 mg IV twice daily until clinically improved, then 100 mg orally twice daily for a total of 10 to 14 days		Streptomycin, 15 mg per kg IM twice daily for 10 days (maximum: 2 g per day) or Gentamicin, 2.5 mg per kg IM or IV three times daily for 10 days or Doxycycline (< 45 kg), 2.2 mg per kg orally or IV twice daily for 10 days Doxycycline (> 45 kg), adult dosage		Doxycycline, 100 mg orally twice daily for seven days or duration of exposure or Ciprofloxacin, 500 mg orally twice daily for seven days or Tetracycline, 500 mg orally four times daily for seven days
Tularemia18	Live attenuated vaccine (currently under review by the FDA), single 0.1-mL dose by scarification	Streptomycin, 7.5 to 10 mg per kg IM twice daily for 10 to 14 days or Gentamicin, 3 to 5 mg per kg per day IV for 10 to 14 days or Ciprofloxacin, 400 mg IV twice daily until clinically improved, then 500 mg orally twice daily for a total of 10 to 14 days or Ciprofloxacin, 750 mg orally twice daily for 10 to 14 days		Gentamicin, 2.5 mg per kg IM or IV three times daily for 10 days or Streptomycin, 15 mg per kg IM twice daily for 10 days (maximum: 2 g per day) or Ciprofloxacin, 15 mg per kg IV twice daily for 10 days (maximum: 1 g per day)		Doxycycline, 100 mg orally twice daily for 14 days or Tetracycline, 500 mg orally four times daily for 14 days or Ciprofloxacin, 500 mg orally twice daily for 14 days
Botulism23	DOD pentavalent toxoid for serotypes A-E,* single 0.5-mL dose by deep SC at weeks 0, 2, and 12, then annual boosters	Botulism antitoxins available from CDC		Same as adult treatment		Not available
Viral hemorrhagic fevers28	No licensed vaccine for any of the viral hemorrhagic fevers	Ribavirin (Virazole),* for Crimean-Congo, Lassa, Arenaviridae, and Bunyaviridae, 30 mg per kg IV (maximum: 2 g) initial dose, then 16 mg per kg (maximum: 1 g per dose) IV every six hours for 4 days, then 8 mg per kg (maximum: 500 mg per dose) IV every eight hours for six days		Same as adult treatment		Not available