Indications

Acute renal failure from AIN suspected clinically

Exposure to potential offending medications

Typical symptoms of rash, fever, arthralgias

Suggestive evidence on laboratory data

No improvement after withdrawal of medication

Patient agrees to procedure

Contraindications

Bleeding diathesis*

Solitary kidney

Patient unable to cooperate with percutaneous procedure

End-stage renal disease with small kidneys

Severe uncontrolled hypertension

Patient refusal

Sepsis or renal parenchymal infection