Physical finding			Diagnoses to consider
Skin and mucous membranes
Rash
	Erythema infectiosum
		Reticulated (lacy) rash	Human parvovirus B19 infection
		Facial exanthema (slapped cheek)	Human parvovirus B19 infection
	Malar rash		SLE, human parvovirus B19 infection, Lyme disease, rosacea, seborrhea, dermatomyositis
	Plaques (scalp, navel, gluteal cleft)		Psoriasis
	Heliotrope		Dermatomyositis
	Erythema chronicum migrans		Lyme disease
	Erythema marginatum rheumaticum		Rheumatic fever
	Erythema nodosum		Sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease
	Pyoderma gangrenosum		IBD, RA, SLE, anklyosing spondylitis, sarcoidosis, Wegener's granulomatosis
	Palpable purpura		Hypersensitivity vasculitis, Schönlein- Henoch purpura, PAN
	Livedo reticularis		Antiphospholipid-antibody syndrome, vasculitis, cholesterol emboli
	Lesions
	Keratoderma blennorrhagicum		Reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis
	Discoid skin lesions		Discoid lupus erythematosus, SLE, sarcoidosis
	Gottron's papules or plaques		Dermatomyositis
	Vesicopustule on erythematous base		Gonococcal arthritis
Eyes
	Iritis or uveitis		Spondyloarthropathies, sarcoidosis, Wegener's granulomatosis
	Conjunctivitis		Spondyloarthropathies, SLE, Wegener's granulomatosis
	Cytoid bodies (retinal exudates)		SLE
	Scleritis		RA, relapsing polychondritis
	Ischemic optic neuritis		Giant cell arteritis, Wegener's granulomatosis
Ears, nose, and throat
		Oral ulcers	SLE, Behçet's syndrome, reactive arthritis, Wegener's granulomatosis
	Parotid enlargement		Sjögren's syndrome, sarcoidosis
	Macroglossia		Amyloidosis
	Scalp tenderness		Giant cell arteritis
	Bloody or severe sinusitis		Wegener's granulomatosis
	Inflammation of ear, sparing the lobe [ corrected]		Relapsing polychondritis
Nails
	Onycholysis		Psoriatic arthritis, hyperthyroidism
	Pitting		Psoriatic arthritis
	Clubbing		IBD, Whipple's disease, hyperthyroidism
Nodules			RA, gout, Whipple's disease, rheumatic fever, amyloidosis, sarcoidosis
	Tophi		Gout
	Jaundice		Hepatitis, hemochromatosis
	Hyperpigmentation		Whipple's disease, hemochromatosis
	Telangiectasia		Scleroderma
	Thickened skin		Scleroderma, amyloidosis, eosinophilic fasciitis
Hair thinning			Hypothyroidism, SLE
Musculoskeletal system
Tender points			Fibromyalgia
Heberden's nodes (DIP joints), Bouchard's nodes (PIP joints)			Osteoarthritis
Boutonnière and swan-neck deformities			RA, SLE, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Dactylitis (“sausage digits”)			Spondyloarthropathies
Bursitis and enthesitis			Spondyloarthropathies
Constitutional conditions
Fever			Bacterial or viral infection, Still's disease, subacute bacterial endocarditis, neoplasm
Bradycardia			Hypothyroidism
Cardiovascular system
Mitral regurgitation and stenosis			Rheumatic fever
Aortic regurgitation			Ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatic fever, relapsing polychondritis, reactive arthritis, Marfan syndrome, Takayasu's arteritis
Cardiomyopathies			Viral infection, amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, SLE, polymyositis
New murmur, fever			Bacterial endocarditis, rheumatic fever
Diminished peripheral pulses			Giant cell arteritis, Takayasu's arteritis
Gastrointestinal system
Splenomegaly			Felty's syndrome, tumor-associated arthritis
Hepatomegaly			Whipple's disease, hemochromatosis, amyloidosis, Wilson's disease
Positive fecal occult blood test			IBD
Genitourinary system
Prostatitis			Reactive arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis
Urethritis or cervicitis			Reactive arthritis, gonococcal arthritis
Scrotal or vulvar ulcers			Behçet's syndrome
Hypogonadism			Hemochromatosis
Balanitis circinata			Reactive arthritis
Neurologic system
Entrapment neuropathies			RA, hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism
Facial palsy			Lyme disease
Peripheral neuropathy			SLE, amyloidosis
Chorea			Antiphospholipid-antibody syndrome, SLE, rheumatic fever
Mononeuritis multiplex			RA, SLE, Lyme disease, vasculitis (e.g., PAN)
Seizures			SLE
Lymphadenopathy			Tumor-associated arthritis, SLE