Condition		Treatment		Comments
Noncardioembolic source		Aspirin in a dosage of 50 to 325 mgper day3,30,49		If aspirin therapy is not tolerated or is contraindicated, consider alternative antiplatelet agent.
			or
		Clopidogrel (Plavix), ticlopidine (Ticlid), or aspirin-dipyridamole (Aggrenox)49		With ticlopidine therapy, monitor blood cell count; consider the same monitoring during initial treatment with clopidogrel.
				Clopidogrel has not been tested for TIA prophylaxis only.
Cardioembolic source
	Known thrombus	Oral anticoagulation, unless contraindicated3,40		AHA: recommended for high-risk patients who have had a TIA
				NSA: consider IV heparin therapy.
	Mechanical valve	Warfarin (Coumadin); INR of 3.0 to 4.0 (long term)30,54,55		Consult AHA and EUSI recommendations.30,55
	Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation	Warfarin: INR of 2.0 to 3.0 (long term)3,21,43,54,55		Consult AHA, ACC, and EAC combined recommendations for timing of treatment and role of cardioversion.30,54,55 Monitor the INR frequently, particularly when there is coadministration of protein-bound medications, during major illness, or when there is a major change in diet.
	Recent myocardial infarction or left ventricular thrombus	Warfarin; INR of 2.0 to 3.0 (6 months)3,21,30,43,54,55		Monitor the INR frequently, particularly when there is coadministration of protein-bound medications or during major illness.
Possible cardioembolic source		Antiplatelet agents30		In most patients, aspirin in a dosage of 50 to 325 mg per day (unless contraindicated)
Carotid artery stenosis (atherosclerosis)		Symptomatic (ipsilateral), severe (70% to 99% occlusion) carotid endarterectomy if patient is good surgical candidate3,21,33,36		Beneficial if surgical complication rate of less than 3%; life expectancy of 5 years or greater; continue to maximize treatment of other risk factors. Antiplatelet therapy is recommended before and after surgery.
		Symptomatic (ipsilateral), moderate (50% to 69% occlusion) carotid endarterectomy in selected patients3,21,34,56		Consider the patient's sex, comorbid conditions, and life expectancy in the decision-making process; continue to maximize treatment of other risk factors. Antiplatelet therapy is recommended before and after surgery.