Disease	Intervention	AAFP29	CDC27	USPSTF14,30	Public Health–Seattle and King County5	California STD Controllers Association5
STDs (low-risk patients)	Screening, counseling	Counsel patients about risks and preventive strategies.	Routinely inquire about gender of patient’s sexual partners; screen at least annually.	No recommendation provided	Screen all sexually active men who have sex with men.	Screen patients at initial visit.
STDs (high-risk patients)	Screening, counseling	Counsel patients about risks and preventive strategies.	At 3- to 6-month intervals, screen men who have multiple anonymous sexual partners, have sex in conjunction with illicit drug use, or have sexual partners who participate in these activities.	No recommendation provided Defines high-risk patients as men who have multiple sexual partners	Every 3 to 6 months, screen men with specific risk behaviors (multiple or anonymous sexual partners, substance abuse).	Every 3 to 6 months, screen patients who have an STD.
HIV	HIV serologic testing	Yes	Yes, if patient is HIV negative or not previously tested	Periodic screening in high-risk patients	Yes	Yes
Gonorrhea	Pharyngeal culture	No recommendation provided	Yes, in men with oralgenital exposure	No recommendation provided	Yes	Yes
Rectal culture	No recommendation provided	Yes, in men who have receptive anal intercourse; include Chlamydia culture	No recommendation provided	Yes, in men who have receptive anal intercourse	Yes, in men who have receptive anal intercourse
Urethral culture	No recommendation provided	Yes, urethral or urine test (culture or nucleic acid amplification)	No; consider screening high-risk young men on other grounds.	No	Yes
Syphilis	Serologic testing	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Chlamydia	Rectal screening	There is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against routine screening of asymptomatic men for chlamydial infection.	Yes, in men who have receptive anal intercourse	No recommendation provided	Yes, in men who have receptive anal intercourse	No
Herpes simplex virus type 2	Serologic test	Not recommended for asymptomatic patients	No	Not recommended for asymptomatic patients	Consider	Consider
Hepatitis A and B	Immunization	Yes †	Yes; serologic prevaccination testing may be cost-effective in men who have sex with men when there is a high prevalence of hepatitis A and B in the community.	Screen high-risk patients to assess eligibility for vaccination; immunize all high- risk patients and young adults notpreviously immunized.	Yes	Yes