Diagnostic categoryApproximate prevalence*
Functional or nonulcer dyspepsia†Up to 60 percent
Dyspepsia caused by structural or biochemical disease
Peptic ulcer disease15 to 25 percent
Reflux esophagitis5 to 15 percent
Gastric or esophageal cancer< 2 percent
Biliary tract diseaseRare
GastroparesisRare
PancreatitisRare
 Carbohydrate malabsorption (lactose, sorbitol, fructose, mannitol)Rare
 Medication effects (see Table 3)Rare
 Infiltrative diseases of the stomach (Crohn’s disease, sarcoidosis)Rare
 Metabolic disturbances (hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia)Rare
 HepatomaRare
 Ischemic bowel diseaseRare
 Systemic disorders (diabetes mellitus, thyroid and parathyroid disorders, connective tissue disease)Rare
 Intestinal parasites (Giardia species, Strongyloides species)Rare
 Abdominal cancer, especially pancreatic cancerRare