Acute liver disease or liver carcinoma*

Breast carcinoma*

Confirmed or suspected pregnancy

Copper allergy†

Genital actinomycosis

History of ectopic pregnancy

History of pelvic inflammatory disease unless subsequent intrauterine pregnancy occurred

Immunodeficiency disorders

Immunosuppressive therapy

Jaundice*

Known or suspected pelvic malignancy

Multiple sexual partners for patient or her partner

Postpartum endometritis or septic abortion in previous three months

Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding

Uterine abnormality

Wilson’s disease†