Findings	Clinical conditions
Intermittent breathlessness; triggering factors; allergic rhinitis; nasal polyps; prolonged expiration; wheezing	Asthma
Significant tobacco consumption; barrel chest; prolonged expiration; wheezing	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
History of hypertension, coronary artery disease, or diabetes mellitus; orthopnea; paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea; pedal edema; jugular vein distention; S3 gallop; bibasilar rales; wheezing	Congestive heart failure
History of generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder; intermittent symptoms; sighing breathing	Anxiety disorder; hyperventilation
Postprandial dyspnea	Gastroesophageal reflux disease; aspiration; food allergy
Hemoptysis	Lung neoplasm; pneumonia; bronchiectasis; mitral stenosis; arteriovenous malformation
Recurrent pneumonia	Lung cancer; bronchiectasis; aspiration
Drug exposure	Beta blockers aggravating obstructive airway disease
	Amiodarone (Cordarone)/nitrofurantoin (Furadantin): pneumonitis
	Methotrexate (Rheumatrex): lung fibrosis
	Illicit drugs (e.g., heroin): talcosis
History of immunosuppressive disease or therapy; acquired immunodeficiency syndrome	Opportunistic infections: protozoal (Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia); bacterial (tuberculosis; Legionella); viral (cytomegalovirus); or fungal (Aspergillus)
Exposure to inorganic dust, asbestos, or volatile chemicals	Pneumoconiosis; silicosis; berylliosis; coal workers lung; asbestosis
Organic exposure to dust (birds, mushrooms)	Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (bird fancier's lung)
Accentuated P2; right ventricular heave; murmurs	Pulmonary hypertension
Abnormal inspiratory or expiratory sounds heard best over the trachea	Central airway obstruction; vocal cord paralysis; laryngeal tumor; tracheal stenosis
Localized, decreased, or absent breath sounds	Pleural effusion; atelectasis; pneumothorax