Disorders of lipid metabolism

Insulin resistance (metabolic syndrome [i.e., obesity, diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension]), lipoatrophy

Medications (amiodarone [Cordarone], diltiazem [Cardizem], highly active antiretroviral therapy, steroids, tamoxifen [Nolvadex])

Refeeding syndrome

Severe weight loss (jejunoileal bypass, gastric bypass, starvation)

Total parenteral nutrition

Toxic exposure (e.g., organic solvents)