| Men with low-volume ejaculate may benefit from postejaculatory urinalysis and transrectal ultrasonography to rule out retrograde ejaculation and ejaculatory duct obstruction. | C | 4 |
| Transvaginal ultrasonography can be used to obtain an antral follicle count and predict ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation. | C | 5,19 |
| Postcoital testing has not been shown to improve pregnancy outcome. | B | 21 |
| Varicocele repair has not been shown to increase the likelihood of conception. | A | 26,27 |
| Laparoscopic ovarian drilling for ovulation induction may be beneficial in women with polycystic ovary syndrome who have not responded to other therapies. | A | 29,32 |
| To achieve ovulation, clomiphene citrate (Clomid) in an initial dosage of 50 mg per day is administered starting on day 3 to day 5 of the menstrual cycle and continued for five days. | C | 29 |
| Women with endometriosis may benefit from laparoscopic ablation, laparotomy, or ovulation induction with or without intrauterine insemination and in vitro fertilization. | A | 35–38 |
| Women with unexplained infertility may benefit from intrauterine insemination, clomiphene citrate therapy, or intrauterine insemination with either clomiphene citrate or gonadotropin therapy. | A | 39,40 |