Food modification (for weight control and blood glucose control)

Individualize calorie and food intake based on age, sex, and physical activity; go tohttp://www.mypyramid.gov/ for more information

Limit consumption of snacks that have high levels of fat, sugar, or salt (e.g., potato chips, fast food, soda, desserts)

Provide a meal plan developed by a registered dietitian, diabetes educator, or physician that includes low-fat and high-fiber foods, small portion sizes, and fewer beverages with high sugar content (e.g., soda, juice)

Teach the patient and family how carbohydrates (e.g., breads, pasta, rice) can affect blood glucose levels

Physical activity (for weight control and improvement in insulin sensitivity)

Prescribe 30 to 60 minutes of physical activity per day

Limit television and video game time to one or two hours per day

Psychosocial support

Encourage peer support via youth camps and support groups

Involve the patient's family in using the meal plan and in eating at regular mealtimes, especially if the youth is taking insulin