Blood pressure7

Hypertension is defined as an average systolic or diastolic blood pressure greater than the 95th percentile for age, sex, and height measured on at least three separate days

Normal blood pressure levels for age, sex, and height; appropriate methods for measurement; and treatment recommendations are available atwww.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/prof/heart/hbp/hbp_ped.pdf

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are preferred in children with microalbuminuria

Lipids13

Optimal levels are: LDL cholesterol less than 100 mg per dL (2.60 mmol per L); high-density lipoprotein cholesterol greater than 35 mg per dL (0.90 mmol per L); and triglycerides less than 150 mg per dL (1.70 mmol per L)

A lipid profile should be obtained at diagnosis, after glucose control is established; if lipids are at optimal levels, repeat lipid profile every three to five years

If the LDL cholesterol level is greater than 100 mg per dL, prescribe an exercise plan and healthy diet; if goals are not reached after six months of diet and exercise, consider statin* therapy for patients with an LDL cholesterol level of 130 to 159 mg per dL (3.35 to 4.10 mmol per L), and begin medications for patients with an LDL cholesterol level of 160 mg per dL (4.15 mmol per L) or greater

Weight loss, increased physical activity, and improved glycemic control often lead to improved lipid levels