Therapy	Description	Effectiveness for headache
Biofeedback	A system of externally generated signals that measure some aspect of physiology (e.g., thermal biofeedback, muscle tension biofeedback, galvanic skin response to sweating)	Progressive muscle relaxation and thermal and combined biofeedback effective for migraine
		Muscular biofeedback effective for tension headache
Cognitive behavior therapy	A method of replacing inner thoughts and dialogue that may be irrational or that contribute to distress (e.g., depression, anxiety, pain) with a revised, salutogenic script and frame of reference	Effective for migraine and tension headaches
Guided imagery	The use of inner images and symbols (self-guided or interactive) with therapies to induce a specific psychobiologic state (e.g., immune enhancement, relaxation, conflict resolution)	—
Hypnosis	The use of aroused, attentive, focused concentration and relative suspension of peripheral awareness to create opportunities for suggestion	—
Meditation	Intentional self-regulation of attention to inner and outer experiences (e.g., mindfulness meditation, transcendental meditation)	—
Psychoeducational approaches	Combined with other biobehavioral strategies, these methods help patients become more informed about their disease and how to manage it with improved self-efficacy	Stress management training effective for tension headache
Relaxation training	Methods used to reduce sympathetic arousal and muscle tone (e.g., progressive muscle relaxation, Benson's relaxation response)	Progressive muscle relaxation effective for tension headache \
		Combination of progressive muscle relaxation and biofeedback effective for migraine in children, adolescents, and adults