Diagnosis	Findings consistent with diagnosis	Findings inconsistent with diagnosis	Imaging
Acromioclavicular joint osteoarthritis	Pain at acromioclavicular joint; positive cross-body adduction test; may have history of trauma	No pain with palpation at acromioclavicular joint; negative cross-body adduction	Radiography shows osteoarthritis at acromioclavicular joint, some evidence of acromioclavicular separation
Adhesive capsulitis	Age older than 40 years; decreased active and passive range of motion; history of diabetes or thyroid disease	Full passive range of motion; no pain with movements	Radiography usually normal
Glenohumeral instability	Age usually younger than 40 years; history of subluxation or dislocation, or generalized ligamentous laxity; positive apprehension test	Negative apprehension test	Radiography usually normal
Glenohumeral osteoarthritis	Age older than 50 years; progressive pain; crepitus with range of motion	Age younger than 50 years; normal radiography	Radiography shows narrowing of joint space, spurring, and osteophytes
Rotator cuff pathology	Age usually older than 40 years; pain with overhead activity; night pain; weakness; positive Hawkins' impingement test; and rotator cuff weakness	No pain with overhead activities; no arm pain; no weakness with lift-off, external rotation, or empty-can tests	Radiography may show humeral head sclerosis or cyst, loss of acromial-humeral interval; acromial spur