| Cortical dysplasia | Focal cortical thickening, blurring of gray-white matter junction, hyperintensity of subcortical white matter (T2-weighted) |
| Hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy syndrome | Early findings show involvement of the entire hemisphere, which is indicative of diffuse cytotoxic edema; hemispheric atrophy follows |
| Rasmussen encephalitis | Progressive unihemispheric focal cortical atrophy and hyperintensity (T2-weighted) in gray or white matter |
| Stroke | Acute gyral swelling and hyperintensity (T2-weighted) in the infarcted cortex; atrophic findings follow |
| Sturge-Weber syndrome | Tram-track cortical calcification, focal cerebral atrophy, leptomeningeal venous angiomas, ipsilateral skull thickening |