Anatomic origin	Lesion/condition	Onset/progression	Pain/tenderness	Aggravating/alleviating factors, associated symptoms
Skin	Sebaceous cyst	Acute/chronic, stable	No	—
	Squamous cell carcinoma	Chronic, progressive	No	—
Tunica vaginalis testis	Hydrocele	Acute/chronic, stable	No	Transilluminates
	Hematocele	Acute, caused by trauma	Yes	Does not transilluminate well
Processus vaginalis testis	Indirect inguinal hernia	Acute/chronic, stable or progressive	No; yes if strangulated	May enlarge with Valsalva-type maneuvers; size may fluctuate
	Hydrocele	Chronic, stable	No	—
Pampiniform plexus	Varicocele	Chronic, stable	No	“Bag of worms” consistency
Epididymis	Epididymitis	Acute, progressive	Yes	May have symptoms of urinary tract infection
	Spermatocele	Chronic, stable	No	—
Testis	Testicular torsion	Acute, progressive	Yes	Elevation of testis may aggravate pain; abnormal testicular lie; cremasteric reflex usually absent
	Appendix testis torsion	Acute, stable	Yes	Blue dot sign
	Orchitis	Acute, self-limited	Yes	Elevation of testis may relieve pain, may have systemic symptoms of viral illness
	Testicular cancer	Chronic, progressive	No	—