| Alcohol restriction | Limit alcohol consumption to two drinks per day for men or one drink per day for women. |
| Diet | Implement the DASH diet; eat four or five servings of fruits, four or five servings of vegetables, and six to eight servings of whole grains each day; increase intake of calcium (1,250 mg daily), magnesium (500 mg daily), and potassium (4,700 mg daily); limit intake of cholesterol to 150 mg daily and saturated fat to 6 percent of daily calories. |
| Physical activity | Engage in 30 to 45 minutes of moderate-intensity activity most days of the week. |
| Smoking cessation | Stop smoking to improve overall cardiovascular health. |
| Sodium restriction | Restrict sodium intake to 2.4 g per day. |
| Weight loss | Lose weight, if necessary, to maintain a healthy body weight (i.e., body mass index of 19 to 25 kg per m2). |