Type of poisoningAgentsToxidromes/toxic symptomsAntidotes
AcetaminophenAcetaminophenAbdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, elevated aspartate transaminase level (greater than 1,000 IU per L after 24 hours), jaundice, confusion, somnolence, coma, disorientationN-acetylcysteine (Acetadote)
AnticholinergicAntihistamines, atropine (Atreza), belladonna alkaloids, toxic mushrooms, psychoactive drugsTachycardia, hyperthermia, mydriasis, warm and dry skin, urinary retention, ileus, delirium
AnticoagulantWarfarin (Coumadin), rodenticidesEcchymoses, bleeding, prolonged prothrombin and bleeding timesVitamin K
Cardiac medicationCalcium channel blockers, beta blockers, digoxinBradycardia, arrhythmias, hypotension, dizziness, heart block, nausea, vomitingCalcium chloride, glucagons (Glucagen), digoxin immune fab (Digibind)
Cholinergic, muscarinicCarbamates, some mushrooms, organophosphates, physostigmine, pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine), pyridostigmineSalivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, bronchorrea, wheezing, bradycardia, vomitingAtropine/pralidoxime (not available in the United States)
Cholinergic, nicotinicBlack widow spider bites, carbamates, insecticides, nicotineTachycardia, hypertension, fasciculations, gastrointestinal cramps, emesis, miosisAtropine/pralidoxime (not available in the United States)
CyanideCyanideSyncope, cyanosis, hypotension, psychosisSodium nitrite 3%, sodium thiosulfate 25%
Ethylene glycol, methanolAntifreeze, rubbing alcoholCentral nervous system depression, respiratory depression, seizures, hypotension, hypoglycemiaEthanol 10% or fomepizole (Antizol)
IronIron-containing productsDyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dark stoolsDeferoxamine (Desferal)
OpioidOpioids (e.g., morphine, hydrocodone [Hycodan], methadone)Hypoventilation, hypotension, miosis, sedation, hypothermia, ileusShort-acting naloxone (Narcan; brand no longer available in the United States), monitor closely for withdrawal symptoms and relapsing sedation
SalicylateAspirin productsTinnitus, nausea, vomiting, fever, disorientation, lethargy, tachypnea
SulfonylureaSulfonylureaHypoglycemia, tachycardia, diaphoresis, clammy skin, mental status changes, comaOctreotide (Sandostatin)
SympathomimeticAmphetamines, caffeine, cocaine, ephedrine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (also called Ecstasy), phenylpropanolamine (no longer available in the United States), theophylline, diphenoxylate/atropine (Lomotil)Tachycardia, hypertension, mydriasis, agitation, seizures, diaphoresis, psychosis, hyperthermia