Cardiovascular conditions

Chronic heart failure

Hypoxia

Post-myocardial infarction or -coronary artery bypass graft

Collagen-vascular conditions

Giant cell arteritis

Rheumatoid arthritis

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Commonly abused substances

Alcohol

Amphetamine (withdrawal)

Cocaine (withdrawal)

Opiates

Infectious disease

Brucellosis

Encephalitis

Human immunodeficiency virus

Infectious endocarditis

Infectious hepatitis

Influenza

Lyme disease

Mononucleosis

Syphilis

Tuberculosis

Medications

Analgesics (e.g., indomethacin [formerly Indocin], opiates)

Antibiotics and antiinfectives (e.g., interferon)

Antihypertensive agents with catecholamine effects (e.g., clonidine [Catapres], methyldopa [formerly Aldomet], propranolol [formerly Inderal], reserpine)

Antineoplastic agents (e.g., amphotericin B [Amphocin], cycloserine [formerly Seromycin], interferon, procarbazine [Matulane], vinblastine [formerly Velban], vincristine [formerly Oncovin])

Corticosteroids

Gastrointestinal motility drugs (e.g., metoclopramide [Reglan])

Heavy metals (e.g., mercury, lead)

Histamine2 receptor antagonists (e.g., cimetidine [Tagamet], ranitidine [Zantac])

Insecticides (e.g., organophosphates)

Levodopa (formerly Larodopa)

Oral contraceptives

Sedative-hypnotics (e.g., barbiturates, benzodiazepines)

Metabolic and endocrine disorders

Addison disease

Anemia

Apathetic hyperthyroidism

Cushing disease

Diabetes mellitus

Hepatic disease

Hypokalemia

Hyponatremia

Hypoparathyroidism

Hypopituitarism

Hypothyroidism

Porphyria

Thiamine, B12, and folate deficiencies

Uremia

Neoplasm

Bronchogenic carcinoma

Central nervous system tumors

Disseminated carcinomatosis

Lymphoma

Pancreatic cancer

Neurologic disease

Chronic subdural hematoma

Dementia

Huntington disease

Migraine

Multiple sclerosis

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

Parkinson disease

Stroke

Temporal lobe epilepsy

Wilson disease

Other conditions

Chronic pyelonephritis

Pancreatitis

Postpartum depression