| Prevention |
| Preventive silicone sheeting as postsurgery care | 0 to 75 | 25 to 36 | Multiple preparations available; tolerated by children | Review of multiple case studies8 |
| Expensive; should be avoided on open wounds; poor study designs |
| Postsurgical intralesional corticosteroid injection (triamcinolone acetonide [Kenalog] 10 to 40 mg per mL at six-week intervals) | NA | 0 to 100 (mean 50) | Patient acceptance and safety | Review of multiple case studies9 |
| May cause hypopigmentation, skin atrophy, telangiectasia |
| Postsurgical topical imiquimod 5% cream (Aldara) | NA | 28 | May cause hyperpigmentation, irritation | Case study12 |
| Postsurgical fluorouracil, triamcinolone acetonide, and pulsed dye laser (best outcomes) | 70 at 12 weeks | NA | Effective | Clinical trial13 |
| May cause hyperpigmentation, wound ulceration |
| First-line treatment |
| Cryotherapy | 50 to 76 | NA | Useful on small lesions; easy to perform | Review of multiple case studies9 |
| May cause hypopigmentation, pain |
| Intralesional corticosteroid injection (triamcinolone acetonide 10 to 40 mg per mL at six-week intervals) | 50 to 100 | 9 to 50 | Inexpensive; available in family physician's office | Review of multiple case studies9 |
| Requires multiple injections |
| May cause discomfort, skin atrophy, telangiectasia |
| Silicone elastomer sheeting | 50 to 100 | NA | Multiple preparations available; tolerated by children | Review of multiple case studies8 |
| Expensive; poor study designs |
| Pressure dressing (24 to 30 mm Hg) worn for six to 12 months | 90 to 100 | NA | Inexpensive | Review of multiple case studies9 |
| Difficult schedule; poor adherence |
| Second-line and alternative treatment |
| Surgical excision | NA | 50 to 100 | Z-plasty option for burns | Review of multiple case studies9 |
| Immediate postsurgical treatment needed to prevent regrowth |
| Combined cryotherapy and intralesional corticosteroid injection | 84 | NA | See benefits of individual treatments | Case study1 |
| May cause hypopigmentation |
| “Triple keloid therapy” (surgery, corticosteroids, and silicone sheeting) | 88 at 13 months | 12.5 at 13 months | Tedious; time intensive; expensive | Case study14 |
| Pulsed dye laser | NA | NA | Specialist referral needed; expensive; variable results depending on trial (controversial) | Case studies15,16 |
| Verapamil 2.5 mg per mL intralesional injection combined with perilesional excision and silicone sheeting | 54 at 18 months | NA | Repeated injections; limited experience | Clinical trial17 |
| May cause discomfort |
| Fluorouracil 50 mg per mL intralesional injection two to three times per week | 88 | 0 | Effective | Review of multiple case studies7 |
| May cause hyperpigmentation, wound ulceration |
| Bleomycin tattooing 1.5 IU per mL | 927 | NA | Effective | Review7 |
| 8819 | May cause pulmonary fibrosis, cutaneous reactions | Case study18 |
| Control trial19 |
| Postsurgical interferon alfa-2b 1.5 million IU intralesional injection twice daily for four days | 30 to 50 | 8 to 19 | Expensive | Review of multiple case studies9 |
| May cause pruritus, altered pigmentation, pain |
| Radiation therapy alone | 56 (mean) | NA | Local growth inhibition | Review of multiple case studies9 |
| May cause cancer, hyperpigmentation, paresthesias |
| Postsurgical radiation therapy | 76 | NA | Local growth inhibition | Review of multiple case studies9,20 |
| May cause cancer |
| Onion extract topical gels (e.g., Mederma) | NA | NA | Limited effect alone, better in combination with silicone sheeting | Prospective case study21 |