Procedure	Indication	Treatments required and duration of action	Advantages	Disadvantages
Onabotulinum toxinA (Botox) injection	Dynamic facial lines and wrinkles in the upper one third of the face	One treatment every three to four months	Short procedure time, dramatic results	Small margin for technical error with injection placement; high patient expectations
Dermal filler injection	Facial wrinkles and folds in the lower two thirds of the face; lip enhancement	One treatment every three to 24 months; duration of action varies with product composition and treatment area (Table 2)	Immediate results	Postprocedure swelling and bruising; injection proficiency and consistency of outcomes require practice
Laser hair reduction	Unwanted hair	Series of six treatments with at least one-month intervals; long-term reduction in hair growth of 50 percent or more	Faster and less painful than other methods of permanent hair reduction, such as electrolysis	Risk of burns, hyperpigmentation, and hypopigmentation*; reduced effectiveness with fine, lighter-colored hair
Laser photo-rejuvenation	Benign epidermal pigmented and vascular lesions	Series of two to five treatments every two to four weeks, based on severity of lesions and device used; results last up to several years	Highly selective for lesions without damaging surrounding skin	Risk of burns, hyperpigmentation, and hypopigmentation*
Micro-dermabrasion	Benign epidermal pigmentation, rough skin texture, acne, fine lines, superficial acne scars	Series of six treatments every two to four weeks with monthly or quarterly maintenance treatments; short-term results	Safe for all skin types; few absolute contraindications	Worsening telangiectasias and erythema possible; minimal change with single treatment
Chemical peels	Benign epidermal pigmentation, rough skin texture, acne, fine lines, superficial acne scars	Series of six treatments per month with monthly to quarterly maintenance treatments; short-term results	Inexpensive	Less control over depth of exfoliation; postprocedure skin peeling; minimal change with single superficial treatment; risk of scarring, hyperpigmentation, and hypopigmentation* with deeper peels