| Screening for HIV should be done using either a routine approach for all persons 13 to 64 years of age or a risk-based approach, depending on the practice setting. | C | 4, 6–8 |
| All pregnant women should be tested for HIV in the first trimester. | A | 4–8 |
| A second HIV test should be considered in the third trimester for pregnant women with risk factors or for those in high-prevalence areas. | C | 4, 5 |
| If allowed by state law, an opt-out consent process should be used when testing for HIV. | C | 4, 19, 20 |
| HIV pretest counseling should be tailored to individual patients' needs. | C | 4, 7 |