Condition	Characteristics
Age-related macular degeneration	Macular drusen or neovascularization; distorted vision; blind spots and loss of central vision
Central retinal vein occlusion	Dramatic retinal vascular changes leading to a “blood and thunder” appearance; severe retinal edema and hyperemia; tortuous and dilated central retinal vein branches; risk of visual impairment or loss
Diabetic retinopathy	Cotton-wool spots; macular edema, exudates; microaneurysms; intraretinal, preretinal, or vitreal hemorrhages; attenuation of arterioles; neovascularization; visual impairment or loss.
Drusen	Retinal or optic accumulation of deposits of varying size, shape, border appearance, and number
Retinitis pigmentosa	Poor nocturnal vision; retinal pigmentation of a “bone spicules” pattern; dystrophic retinal pigment epithelium; waxy disc pallor; arteriolar attenuation