Syndrome	Symptoms	Common causes
Anticholinergic	Delirium; hyperthermia; ileus; mydriasis; tachycardia; urinary retention; warm and dry skin	Antihistamines; atropine; psychoactive drugs; scopolamine; tricyclic antidepressants
	Mnemonic, “blind as a bat, mad as a hatter, red as a beet, hot as a hare, and dry as a bone”*
Cholinergic, muscarinic	Bradycardia; bronchorrhea; meiosis; wheezing SLUDGE syndrome (salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, gastrointestinal cramps, and emesis)	Physostigmine; pilocarpine; pyridostigmine (Mestinon)
Cholinergic, nicotinic	Abdominal pain; fasciculations; hypertension; paresis; tachycardia	Nicotine
Opioid	Hypotension; hypothermia; hypoventilation; meiosis; sedation	Opioids
Sympathomimetic	Agitation; diaphoresis; hypertension; hyperthermia; mydriasis; psychosis; seizures; tachycardia	Amphetamines; caffeine; phenylpropanolamine†; theophylline