What are the effects of nonsurgical treatments for women with stress incontinence?
Likely to be beneficial	Pelvic floor electrical stimulation
	Pelvic floor muscle exercises
	Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (duloxetine)
	Vaginal cones
Trade-off between benefits and harms	Estrogen supplements
Unknown effectiveness	Adrenoceptor agonists
What are the effects of surgical treatments for women with stress incontinence?
Beneficial	Laparoscopic colposuspension (similar cure rates to open retropubic colposuspension and TVT)
	Open retropubic colposuspension (higher cure rates than nonsurgical treatment, anterior vaginal repair, or needle suspension, and similar cure rates to laparoscopic colposuspension, traditional suburethral slings, transobturator foramen procedures, and TVT)
	Suburethral slings other than TVT (similar cure rates to open retropubic colposuspension, TVT, and needle suspension, but more perioperative complications than needle suspension)
Likely to be beneficial	Transobturator foramen procedures (similar cure rates to TVT and open retropubic colposuspension)
Trade-off between benefits and harms	TVT (similar cure rates to laparoscopic colposuspension, non-TVT suburethral slings, transobturator foramen procedures, and open retropubic colposuspension, but associated with more bladder and vaginal perforations)
Unlikely to be beneficial	Anterior vaginal repair (lower cure rates than open retropubic colposuspension, but similar cure rates to needle suspension)
	Needle suspension (lower cure rates and more surgical complications than open retropubic colposuspension)