Treatment	Pregnancy category	Minimum age	Mechanism and onset of action	Adverse effects
Intranasal corticosteroids
Beclomethasone (Beconase)	C	Six years	Inhibits the influx of inflammatory cells; onset of action is less than 30 minutes	Bitter aftertaste, burning, epistaxis, headache, nasal dryness, potential risk of systemic absorption, rhinitis medicamentosa, stinging, throat irritation
Budesonide (Rhinocort)	B	Six years
Ciclesonide (Omnaris)	C	Six years
Flunisolide	C	Six years
Fluticasone furoate (Veramyst)	C	Two years
Fluticasone propionate (Flonase)	C	12 years
Mometasone (Nasonex)	C	Two years
Triamcinolone (Nasacort)	C	12 years
Oral antihistamines
Cetirizine (Zyrtec)	B	Six months	Blocks H1 receptors; onset of action is 15 to 30 minutes	Dry mouth, sedation at higher than recommended doses
Desloratadine (Clarinex)	C	Six months
Fexofenadine (Allegra)	C	Six months
Levocetirizine (Xyzal)	B	12 years
Loratadine (Claritin)	B	Two years
Intranasal antihistamines
Azelastine (Astelin)	C	Five years	Blocks H1 receptors; onset of action is 15 minutes	Bitter aftertaste, epistaxis, headache, nasal irritation, sedation
Olopatadine (Patanase)	C	Six years
Oral decongestants
Pseudoephedrine	C	12 years	Vasoconstriction; onset of action is 15 to 30 minutes	Arrhythmias, dizziness, headache, hypertension, insomnia, nervousness, tremor, urinary retention
Intranasal cromolyn
Cromolyn (Nasalcrom)	B	Two years	Inhibits histamine release; results typically noted in one week, but may take two to four weeks for full effect	Epistaxis, nasal irritation, sneezing
Intranasal anticholinergics
Ipratropium (Atrovent)	B	Six years	Blocks acetylcholine receptors; onset of action is 15 minutes	Epistaxis, headache, nasal dryness
Leukotriene receptor antagonists
Montelukast (Singulair)	B	Six months	Blocks leukotriene receptors; onset of action is two hours	Elevated levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and bilirubin